What is the function of the "genetic lottery" in GATTACA's society?

The function of the "genetic lottery" in the society depicted in GATTACA serves to highlight the randomness and often unjust nature of genetic advantages. In this dystopian world, individuals are categorized based on their genetically predetermined traits, which are often seen as a measure of worth and capability.

The term "genetic lottery" refers to the idea that one's genetic makeup is determined at birth without any choice or control, much like a lottery where one either wins or loses by chance. This concept underscores the theme that individuals born with favorable genes—those considered "valid"—are automatically granted higher social status, better job opportunities, and a clearer path to success. Conversely, those deemed "invalid" face discrimination and limited opportunities, illustrating the societal divide based on genetic predisposition.

The film uses this lottery metaphor to comment on the ethical implications of genetic engineering and to critique a system that prizes genetic perfection over individual character and effort. By doing so, it brings attention to the unfairness that comes with allowing genetics to dictate life chances and highlights the inherent value of every individual, regardless of their genetic background.